Corporate Finance Essays - 7800 Words

Table of content Executive summary 1.Introduction 4 1.1. Overview of Adelaide Brighton Limited 4 1.1.1. History 4 1.1.2. Industry 4 1.2. Major competitors 5 1.2.1. Boral Limited 5 1.2.2. Fletcher Building Limited 5 1.2.3. Brickwork Limited 5 2.Capital structure 6 2.1. Leverage 6 2.1.1. Current ABC’s leverage 6 2.1.2. Recent history of ABC’s leverage 6 2.2. ABC’s capital expenditures and its financing 9 2.3. Comparison of ABC’s capital structure with similar companies 10 2.4. Characteristics of the company influencing the leverage policy 11 2.4.1. Tax advantage 11 2.4.2. Corporate tax rate 11†¦show more content†¦This report also uses some forecasting technique to evaluate the future position of the company. The discount rate (WACC), which incorporates the risk-free rate and risk factor for individual stock, is the key driver of share prices. The sensitivity analysis shows that the theoretical share price is very sensitive to change in WACC. Thus, slightly changes in WACC will lead to a significant impact on the current stock price. The factors that can take the place of WACC such as market return, the company’s beta, risk free rate, and tax rate should be used to observe the fluctuation of stock price which is WACC forecast. This may indicate that ABC value is currently overvalued since the valuation of the share is slightly lower than the actual share price. In addition, although the value of ABC might increase in the future, share price is changed by the movement of WACC. Therefore, it should not hold the shares in the company. 1. Introduction 1. Overview Adelaide Brighton Ltd is an Australia-based company which engaged in manufacture and distribution of cement, and cementations products, lime, ready mixed concrete, aggregates, sand and concrete products. It’s operate centre is on Birkenhead, a suburb of Adelaide, from where product is shipped to markets around the Australian coast and overseas. The company has strong developed from a smallShow MoreRelatedCorporate Finance Notes1881 Words   |  8 PagesStudy notes By Zhipeng Yan Corporate Finance Stephen A. Ross, Randolph W. Westerfield, Jeffrey Jaffe Chapter 1 Introduction to Corporate Finance ..................................................................... 2 Chapter 2 Accounting Statements and Cash Flow.............................................................. 3 Chapter 3 Financial Markets and NPV: First Principles of Finance................................... 6 Chapter 4 Net Present Value....................................Read MoreNotes for Corporate Finance2082 Words   |  9 PagesCorporate Finance Notes * Chapter One: Introduce to Corporate Finance 1. Three Questions: A. What Long-term asset should be invested? Capital Budgeting B. How to raise cash for capital expenditures? Capital Structure C. How to manage short-term cash flow? Net Working Capital 2. Capital Structure: Marketing Value of Firm = MV of Debt + MV of Equity 3. Finance perspect and Accountant perspect: Finance: Cash Flow ! Accountant: A/R means profit ! 4. Sole proprietorshipRead MoreCorporate Finance69408 Words   |  278 PagesCorporate finance P. Frantz, R. Payne, J. Favilukis FN3092, 2790092 2011 Undergraduate study in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences This subject guide is for a Level 3 course (also known as a ‘300 course’) offered as part of the University of London International Programmes in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences. This is equivalent to Level 6 within the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (FHEQ). For moreRead MoreCorporate Finance4881 Words   |  20 PagesTrends of Leverage 7 2.3 Comparison of capital structure with similar companies 9 2.4 Capital expenditures and its financing 10 2.5 Important factors influencing the use of debt financing 10 2.5.1 Tax Advantage 10 2.5.2 Corporate Tax Rate 11 2.5.3 Credit rating 11 2.5.4 Interest rate 11 2.5.5 Company’s Industry 12 2.5.6 Company’s growth rate 12 2.5.7 Some other arguments about Harvey Norman 12 2.6 Evidence of financial distress 13 Read MoreCorporate Finance1421 Words   |  6 Pagesoperating earnings of the firm. The capitalization is to be made at a rate appropriate to the risk class of the firm. Growth Plans, are involved in capital structural theories in which a certain amount will be allocated for the growth plans. A finance manager should draw a plan according for the dividend policy. For Example: The firm has $10 million as equity capital and $6 million as debt capital and the firm made a profit (after tax) of $2 million, and the fund allocated to the growth plan wasRead MoreCorporate Finance - Concept Questions12247 Words   |  49 Pagesquestions of corporate finance? a. Investment decision (capital budgeting): What long-term investment strategy should a firm adopt? b. Financing decision (capital structure): How much cash must be raised for the required investments? c. Short-term finance decision (working capital): How much short-term cash flow does company need to pay its bills. ( Describe capital structure. Capital structure is the mix of different securities used to finance a firms investmentsRead MoreFundamentals of Corporate Finance 9e82683 Words   |  331 Pageshttp://helpyoustudy.info Chapter 01 - Introduction to Corporate Finance Chapter 01 Introduction to Corporate Finance Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which one of the following terms is defined as the management of a firm s long-term investments? A. working capital management B. financial allocation C. agency cost analysis D. capital budgeting E. capital structure Refer to section 1.1 AACSB: N/A Difficulty: Basic Learning Objective: 1-1 Section: 1.1 Topic: Capital budgeting Read MoreCorporate Business Finance 7343 Words   |  30 PagesCorporate Business Finance Seminar 5 Project Finance Lauren Leigh Essaram 207507339 Ruvimbo Mukorera 206525531 27 September 2010 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the duly performed requirement of International Business Finance, School of Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal Abstract Non-recourse financing has grown in popularity, especially in developing countries. It has done so more specifically in the basic infrastructure, natural resources and also in the energyRead MoreAdvanced Corporate Finance4303 Words   |  18 PagesUniversity of Puget Sound School of Business and Leadership BUS 434 Advanced Corporate Finance Professor Alva Wright Butcher Tues-Thurs 11:00-12:20 McIntyre 107 Spring Semester 2012 Office: McIntyre 111 I Phone: 253-879-3349 FAX: 253-879-3156 Office Hours: T-Th: 1:00-1:50 Wed: 9:30-10:30 And by appointment Note that I am always willing to schedule additional office hours by appointment. I check email frequently, so that is also a goodRead MoreEssay Corporate Finance1613 Words   |  7 Pages Why is corporate finance important to all managers? Corporate finance is a specific area of finance dealing with the financial decisions corporations make and the tools as well as analyses used to make these decisions. The primary goal of corporate finance is to enhance corporate value, without taking excessive financial risks. A corporations managements primary responsibility is to maximize the shareholders wealth which translates to stock price maximization. Corporate finance provides

The Philosophical Community As The Father Of Existentialism

Soren Kierkegaard is known, almost universally, in the philosophical community as the Father of Existentialism. His works all seek to answer a fundamental question of existence, one that plagued humanity since the times of Aristotle and beyond; How should we life our lives? More specifically in his publication, Either/Or, Kierkegaard introduces two life philosophies, one of the aesthetic and one of the ethic. These viewpoints, argued and symbolized by two characters, â€Å"A†, and Judge Wilhelm. Kierkegaard uses these characters as vehicles for explaining the two viewpoints but does not actually take a side, instead leaving his true intentions ambiguous. A’s and Judge Wilhelm’s philosophies, on the surface, look fundamentally different, however, looking past what they are explicitly stating, a deeper realization emerges. That being A and Judge Wilhelm are actually two sides of the same coin. Bounded by, and implicitly frightened by what Kierkegaard calls boredom, or, in other works of his, as despair. Either/Or presents itself much like a debate, starting with A’s point of view and having the Judge retaliate after. A’s philosophy falls under what Kierkegaard calls the aesthete, someone who regards boredom as the root of all evil and avoids it like the plague. A’s solution to this boredom is Rotation Method. A states, â€Å"Just as a farmer rotates the crops to keep the soil fertile, so must a man forever change himself in order to remain interesting.† Under this philosophy A protestsShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Gregor and Samsa Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pagesthe meaning and purpose of existence, Franz Kafka is one to be noted and studied. A follower of the existentialism movement, he made it a point explore existential philosophy in his literary works. 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He symbolizes the end of the civilizationRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 PagesEssentialism vs. Existentialism Essentialism: A belief that things have a set of characteristics that make them what they are, amp; that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery amp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsible agent, determining their own development through acts of the will. Existentialism * isRead MoreThe Philosophical And Sociocultural Influences On Educational Theory And Practice958 Words   |  4 PagesThis history of education is robust in the number of philosophical and sociocultural influences on educational theory and practice. According to the Taking Sides text for ED833, â€Å"Historically, organized education has been initiated and instated to serve many purposes – spiritual salvation, political socialization, moral uplift, societal stability, social mobility, mental discipline, vocational efficiency, and social reform, among others.† The changes that take place in education are a directlyRead MorePhilosophical And Sociocultural Influences On Educational Theory And Practice954 Words   |  4 PagesThis history or education is robust in the number of philosophical and sociocultural influences on educational theory and practice. According to the Taking Sides text for ED833, â€Å"Historically, organized education has been initiated and i nstated to serve many purposes – spiritual salvation, political socialization, moral uplift, societal stability, social mobility, mental discipline, vocational efficiency, and social reform, among others.† The changes that result in education stem from the everRead More Is The Second Sex Beauvoirs Application of Sartrean Existentialism?3713 Words   |  15 PagesIs The Second Sex Beauvoirs Application of Sartrean Existentialism? ABSTRACT: Simone de Beauvoirs 1949 feminist masterpiece, The Second Sex, has traditionally been read as an application of Sartrean existentialism to the problem of women. Critics have claimed a Sartrean origin for Beauvoirs central theses: that under patriarchy woman is the Other, and that one is not born a woman, but becomes one. An analysis of Beauvoirs recently discovered 1927 diary, written while she was a philosophyRead MoreCritical Theory and the Leading Theorists in Education Theorists play an important role in society700 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Theory and the Leading Theorists in Education Theorists play an important role in society today. Members of the community look to these leaders of their field to help guide and make understanding of the situations we approach in life. There are many different views on the topics in society, especially education and how we learn. ________ The Critical Theory and leading theorist have influenced how we view education and driven to shape our understanding of how we learning in the worldRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 Pageshow such truths could be known. Ethics is also associated with the idea of morality. Platos early dialogues include a search for definitions of virtue. †¢ Political philosophy is the study of government and the relationship of individuals and communities to the state. It includes questions about justice, the good, law, property, and the rights and obligations of the citizen. †¢ Aesthetics deals with beauty, art, enjoyment, sensory-emotional values, perception, and matters of taste and sentiment

Local Study About Social Networking Free Essays

string(106) " that these shows pander to the ill-witted and somehow manage to make the rest of us dumber for watching\." TOPIC: CORRELATIVE ASSESMENT OF REALITY TELEVISION AND SECONDARY STUDENTS VALUES FORMATION IN STO. NINO FORMATION AND SCIENCE SCHOOL DURING S/Y 2012-2013 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND Introduction: The world today Is being controlled by the technology. With all the various types of new inventions and gadgets. We will write a custom essay sample on Local Study About Social Networking or any similar topic only for you Order Now People are slaves of all the product of the intelligence of mankind. People follow the trends of the world, whatever is new, people do follow. The influence of media Is a very big destruction to humankind. The invasion of new television programs are trending especially to the teenagers. Reality television began in 1948 with Allan Funt’s TV series Candid Camera. Reality Television is a television programming that presents purportedly unscripted melodramatic or humorous, situation, documents, actual events ,and usually features ordinary people instead of professional actors. Reality television represents the life of rich high class individuals who thrive off drama, materialistic items and fame. Girls are being very liberated and show off their interest on men, or they do the first step instead of the guy moving first. Reality television shows series as an entertainment purpose to all of it’s viewers, young or old. Producers want viewers to think and believe that these shows are not scripted. Most of the individuals are most of the times very selfish, childish and materialistic. When people watch reality television programs, they indicate to think that what they are seeing or what they are watching are true to life. And because of that, they believe that what they see on TV is what life really is. Viewers of reality television who are addicted to these daily programs often get deeply involved into any situation. Often, certain reality television shows are based on topics that have no thought process or concepts. The audience thus gets hooked on to television shows, which do not really have any intelligent concept. For example, these shows often highlights constant fights or disagreements between a group and even telecasts certain moment not suitable for viewing for a family audience. However, some shows may even show positive things, which viewers can learn and apply in their daily life. For example, a person cal learn about teamwork or be motivated in life to achieve their goals or even chase a dream. It Is a problem because reality television programs, are not exactly real life on camera. Rather, the shows are edited and scripted in being a melodramatic television show to make it more interesting and more exciting. The producers edit and script these to show to make It to have more conflict, more danger, more of negative things.. History has shown that when a mass of people can easily be controlled by a single person or a group of people that results to causing of grave harm. The influence of reality television characters, especially those who are teenagers, because they are influencing teenagers very effectively, especially with daring segments of the television programs. Especially, to think that this is a reality television show. Reality television is not really reality. Unluckily, many people think that It Is. These television shows draws hundreds, thousands, and even millions of viewers from all ages because It Is entertaining. It has been the focus of so much criticism because of doubtful honesty messages of some of the shows depict. Unrealistic expectations. The late novelist Kurt Vonnegut once described media in terms that may apply to reality shows. He explained how TV and movies have caused people to expect reality to be much more dramatic than it really is: â€Å"†¦ because we grew up surrounded by big dramatic story arcs in books and movies, we think our lives are supposed to be filled with huge ups and downs. So people pretend there is drama where there is none. † Nothing proves Vonnegut’s theory like America’s love for reality TV. Shows such as â€Å"The Real World† and â€Å"The Hills† are filled with over-dramatic fights and intrigue. But unlike books and movies before them, reality TV claims to be representative of real life. This helps people believe more than ever before that life should be full of dramatic ups and downs that don’t really exist. Enjoying misfortunes for others. Waite also expresses the fear that reality shows such as â€Å"Temptation Island† bring out viewers’ attraction to mortification. â€Å"Temptation Island† revolved around trying to get monogamous couples to be unfaithful. Waite says of heavy watchers of these sorts of shows, â€Å"They expect it’s OK to humiliate and to be humiliated by others, instead of thinking there’s something wrong with this behavior. † The worst human behavior. Psychologist George Gerbner and Larry Gross of the University of Pennsylvania developed the â€Å"cultivation theory,† which asserts that prolonged exposure to television can shape viewer’s concept of the world. Basically, the more television someone watches, the more he will believe the world is as it’s presented by the TV. I can see how this might apply to older generations who didn’t grow up in the Information Age. Take my grandpa, for example. He watches nothing but the news and he’s convinced the world is a violent and dangerous place. I’d probably think that, too, if all I watched were reports of thefts, shooting, and terrorism. I wonder if the â€Å"cultivation theory† applies to reality TV shows. If I did nothing but watch â€Å"Big Brother† all day, would I start to believe there were cameras scattered throughout my home and my family was conspiring to vote me out of the house? Voyeuristic Urges The idea that reality TV nourishes voyeuristic behavior sounds like a great argument. Who would want to raise a society of Peeping Toms? Thankfully, this criticism has no merit. Voyeurism is, by definition, â€Å"the practice of obtaining sexual gratification by looking at sexual objects or acts, especially secretively. † The key word here is secretively. All voyeuristic pleasure is removed if the person being watched knows she’s being watched. A threat to intelligence Reality TV critics claim that these shows pander to the ill-witted and somehow manage to make the rest of us dumber for watching. You read "Local Study About Social Networking" in category "Essay examples" I don’t think it’s possible to lose brain cells or cognitive functioning simply from tuning into a TV show. I think a far greater concern for critics is the sense of superiority viewers derive from watching reality TV. The truth is many people watch these shows to feel better about their own lives. What does that say about our society’s ability to promote a healthy self-image? Entertainment Critics of reality TV argue that television should be used to education, inform, and enlighten viewers. I agree television is an excellent medium for teaching, decimating information, and promoting the arts, but it is also a vehicle for entertainment. It’s a way to peer into another world for amusement and fun. Television offers viewers a needed break from the daily pressures of life; it’s a healthy occupation for the mind. These are just some of the reasons why we are really decided to study about this topic. It Is a stepping stone for us for all the teenagers out there, especially with the secondary students here in SNFSS. This Is to prevent bad things to happen. And open up there eyes in what they know and see about reality television programs. It Is not that when we enjoy, what we see or what we do, you think that It Is right. But It’s not, sometimes, It’s really easier and more fun to the bad or wrong things, especially Now a days. Technology Is getting better and better, and the media invades the world, It conquers peoples mind and beliefs. The goal that we wanted to achieve in studying this topic Is to open everyone’s eyes in what reality television programs Is all about. We carry on this analysis and research because we are craving to know what are the positive and negative effects of TV programs on the values formation of the secondary students In SNFSS during SY 2012-2013, and the possible effects and feedback of reality TV programs. Theoretical Framework Kohlberg’s theory of Moral development, Is a theory based upon research and interviews with groups of young children. A series of moral dilemmas were presented to these participants and they were also interviewed to determine the reasoning behind their judgments of each scenario. Kohlberg as not interested so much In the answer to the question of whether Heinz was wrong or right, but In the reasoning of for each participant’s decision. The responses were then classified into various stages of reasoning in his theory of moral development. Level 1- Stage 1 (Obedience and Punishment) The earliest stage of moral development Is especially common in young children, but adults are also capa ble of expressing this type of reasoning. At this stage, children see rules as fixed and absolute. Obeying the rules Is important because It Is a means to avoid punishment. Stage 2 (Individualism and Exchange) Children and adults account for individual points of view and judge actions based on how they serve argued that the best course of action was the choice that best-served Heinz’s needs. Reciprocity Is possible at this point in moral development but only If It serves one’s own. Level 2-Conventional Morality; Stage 3(Interpersonal Relationships) Often referred to as the â€Å"good boy- good girl† orientation, this stage of moral development Is focused on living up to social expectations and roles. There Is an emphasis on conformity, being â€Å"nice†, and consideration of how choices influence relationships. Stage 4(Maintaining Social Order) At this stage of moral development, people begin to consider society as a whole when making judgments. The focus Is on maintaining law and order by following the rules, doing one’s duty, and respecting authority. Level 3- Post Conventional Morality; Stage 5( Social contract and Individual Rights) At this stage, people began to account for the differing values, options and beliefs of other people. Roles of law are important for aintaining a society, but members of the society should agree upon these standards. Stage 6(Universal Principles) Kohlberg’s final level of moral reasoning Is based upon universal ethical principles and abstract reasoning. At this stage, people follow these internalized principles of justice, even If they conflict with law and rules. Conceptual Framework Input Throughput/Process Output Results of the survey form the secondary students. 1. Observation on the ongoing survey. Profile Variables: 1. Surveys about the given problems from Grade 7 to 4th year High school. . Comparisson of watching and not watching of reality television programs. Compare about the difference between the answers of the grade 7 and 3rd year, 2nd year and 4th year High school students. Surveys on 10 to 15 people Grade 7 and 3rd year HS 2nd year and 4th year HS Figure 2: Conceptual Framework of the study depicting the profile variables and the results of the survey from the secondary students The first box on our figure is the input. We have our profile variables, the first one Is having surveys about the given problems from Grade 7 to 4th year High school. And the second one Is the comparison of watching and not watching reality TV shows. These are the required or available data to be used in our surveys with the secondary students of SNFSS. The second box on our figure Is the throughput or the process. Our process would be like this. We will conduct a survey from 10 to 15 people of the grade 7 and 3rd year high school students and we will be observing and comparing It with the result of the survey of the students from the 2nd year and the 4th year High school. We will be comparing the differences between the 2 sets of batch of students. The third box on our figure Is the output and In It Is the results of the surveys. Hypothesis (Null Hypothesis) There Is no unnecessary effect of watching reality TV programs In the values formation of the secondary students of SNFSS during SY 2012-2013. Statement of the Problem 1. What Is the most commonly reality television show being watched by the secondary students of SNFSS (SY 2012-2013)? 2. How does It help you In your daily living in school or at home? 3. What are the advantages of watching different reality TV programs? 4. What are the disadvantages of watching different TV programs? Scope and Delimitation This study Is conducted and done to the secondary students of the Sto. Nino Formation and Science School during the school year 2012-2013 to know If there Is a unnecessary effect of watching reality TV programs In the values formation of the secondary students. Pinoy Big Brother Is one of the most famous reality TV show here In the Philippines, and next to It is the Survivor Philippines etc. Our main focus In our study Is to know the advantages and the disadvantages of reality TV programs In the Values formation of the secondary students here In SNFSS. How to cite Local Study About Social Networking, Essay examples

Terrorist Essay Example For Students

Terrorist Essay The Good, the Bad, the Terrorist?Terrorism by nature is difficult to define. Acts of terrorism conjure emotional responses in the victims as well as in the practitioners. No two writers agree on what is terrorism. Even the U.S. government cannot agree on one single definition. The old adage, One mans terrorist is another mans freedom fighter is still alive and well today (Terrorism Research Center: Definitions 1). Although many people believe that terrorism is evil, it is merely misunderstood because there is no set definition. Terrorist are responsible to most of the freedom movements in every country. Terrorist have used violence to get their point across to the public. These acts are often necessary for the success of the movement or cause. The use of this violence can be justified in several ways. You cant make an omelet without breaking some eggs has been used by terrorist to describe their actions. Terrorism has been used by governments and against them. It has been used as par t of a campaign by guerrillas who have widespread support and by small groups. Terrorism has been used in societies where grievances can be expressed freely and where free speech is suppressed. In a well organized guerrilla campaign, for example, the main goal might be to destroy the governments military forces. The violence is limited to acts which will achieve that objective. This might be destroying a factory which is making arms, or putting out of action part of the government army, or bombing an airfield so that it cannot be used by government aircraft. In some cases, the use of terrorism appears to be a reaction to the disintegration of law and order. A stable society has normally evolved peaceful ways of keeping order and handling disputes between its members without violence. Once law and order breaks down, as they do in civil wars, members of society have to defend themselves in different ways. There may be in a situation where government forces are using terrorism and guer rilla forces the same methods in return. Other groups in society start using violence to defend this right and so a climate of terror emerges. What little law and order remains is maintained solely by the strongest groups using fear (Freeman 43). Terrorism has been used by groups of the right in an attempt to uphold the established system. In Northern Ireland Protestant extremist groups have used terrorism against those fighting for a united Ireland. There have been similar groups in Italy and Latin America Fighting for the return to more authoritarian and conservative forms of government. There are many different kinds of terrorism, this makes defining the word difficult. Guerrilla warfare is used in most revolutions and is a form of terrorism, whether it is indiscriminate terrorism (example: the bombing of a public places) or terrorism aimed only upon the government. Terrorism can also be used by a government to control its people. War between countries is a place were terrorism is used immensely in order to strike fear into an enemy (The Encyclopedia America 523). Terrorism is often a weapon of last resort. Most revolutions began as guerrilla terrorism. The American Revolution started out as terrorist acts against England. The Boston Tea Party is a prime example of terrorism. Colonial revolutionaries sneaked aboard an English Tea Merchant Ships, where they threw hundreds if not thousands of dollars worth of tea into the Atlantic Ocean. Americans today think of that incident as a stride to freedom, but the English look at it as the beginning of countless terrorist acts. The Law and Order Maintenance Act of 1962 in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) included among its definitions of terrorist as anyone who went on strike if an essential service was put at risk as a result. These strikes led to the revolution of the Zimbabwe people from the Rhodesia (English) government (Freeman 21). In South Africa, the burning of the Identification cards and the bombing of several military bases by the A.N.C. (African National Congress) was the beginning of an independence movement against the Afrikaners. Terrorism is often the start of a revolution that makes the country and even the world a better place. The IRA (Irish Republican Army) would argue that they too are fighting a colonial government, the British government, which is continuing to occupy part of Ireland (Freeman 41). .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 , .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 .postImageUrl , .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 , .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438:hover , .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438:visited , .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438:active { border:0!important; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438:active , .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Road Not Taken EssayOne of the most important duties of any government is to maintain law and order. It usually does this through a system of laws which are enforced by a police force (Terrorism Research Center: Information Terrorism 3). In democratic countries, these laws are drawn up and approved by representatives of the people as a whole. These conditions are not common in the modern world. In all too many places basic human rights are suppressed. The laws are made by a minority, sometimes with no pretence of discussion at all. The most extreme form of government terrorism is what people might call a reign of terror. This phrase was first used in the French Revolut ion, during which the Revolutionary Tribunal sent increasing numbers of the people to their death (1793-1794). As panic and tension built up, terror was the order of the day. Any suspected enemy of the people (persons against the revolution) could be round up and often ended their life under the guillotine. Maximilien Robespierre, the leading figure of the Revolutionary Government, believed that terror could be used to create a new Republic of Virtue. The enemies of the people were sacrificed to protect others who might follow their example (Freeman 13). The government of the former Soviet Union used terrorism mainly through wide-ranging laws which enabled it to pick up opponents on charges such as spreading anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda and disseminating fabrications known to be false which defame the Soviet state and social system. The combination of vague laws with the possibility of detention without trial is one of the commonest forms of government terrorism. This form h elps keep the people from revolting during drastic times of government trouble such as war recovery and financial difficulties. Many anti-terrorists today believe that the governments of today and yesteryear have used terrorism during wars. These acts can be the bombing of a city, an assassination, even the threat of a new deadlier weapon. Between 1936 and 1939 Spain was revenged by a bitter civil war. The Republican government had been faced with a right-wing nationalist uprising, which had received support from the Fascist governments of Germany and Italy. Guernica a small town in the Basque region of Spain (Republican government territory), was saturation bombed by German planes. The center of the town was left in flames and perhaps a thousand civilians were killed. This marked a new phase in war the indiscriminate bombing of a civilian populous (Freeman 7). The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States were acts of terrorism. Admiral William D. Leahy, Chief of Staff to the President Truman, remarked: My own feeling was that in being the first to use it we had adopted the ethical standards co mmon to barbarians in the dark ages. I was not taught to make war in that fashion. The atomic bombs used by the American Armed Forces struck fear into every nation on every continent. The beginning of the Cold War was a direct cause of this terrorism (Freeman 8). Some people have argued that terrorism has a simple cause. It is a weapon of the poor against the rich, of the oppressed against the oppressor. It only occurs when there is a grievance that cannot be voiced in any other way. Looking back at the sort of situations in which terrorism has been used against governments, we can see that a simple defination is not enough. Also, there are so many cases of oppression and poverty where terrorism has not been used. Terrorism has been used by separatist movements, who wish to form an independent nation by breaking away from the current government. One of the best-known is ETA, a Basque nationalist movement which wishes to establish a separate Basque state in northern Spain and souther France. ETA has carried out a long campaign which has included the assassination of a Spanish Prime Minister, and the leaving of bombs in Spains tourist resorts. The gunmen who occupied the Iranian Embassy in London were also separatists. They wanted greater indep endence for the province of Khuzistan. In Holland in 1975 a group hijacked a train as part of a campaign for the greater independence movement of South Moluccan Islands in Indonesia. In Qu?bec in 1970 the Front de la Lib?ration de Qu?bec carried out kidnappings and a murder on behalf of independence for French-speaking Quebec. Separatist movements have been a common source of terrorist attacks. .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 , .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 .postImageUrl , .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 , .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49:hover , .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49:visited , .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49:active { border:0!important; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49:active , .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Progressive era EssayThe word terrorism has many definitions. Several of the meanings depict all terrorists as evil villains that love death. Others make terrorists out of almost everyone. The multitudes of meanings even makes the practitioners contemplate if they are terrorist or not. Terrorist have actually made the earth into a better place; terrorist acts have brought good changes to countries they have stopped thousands of unnecessary deaths, and have even stopped wars. The reign of the bomb wielding maniac is over they have been misunderstood from the beginning, the era of the misconceived over zealous radicals has begun. BibliographyWork CitedFreeman, Charles. Terrorism. London: Batsford Academic and Educational Limited, 1983. Thomas, Benjamin. Terrorism. The Encyclopedia America International Edition. Vol. 26. 1995 ed. The Terrorism Research Center: Definitions. {Online} Available http://terrorism.com/terrorism/def.html. The Terrorism Research Center: Information Terrorism. {Online} Available http://terrorism.com/terrorism/itpaper.html.

Comedy and Plautus Essay Example

Comedy and Plautus Paper Aulularia is a comedic play written by Titus Maccius Plautus during a time when Athens was one of, if not the most powerful city-states in all of Europe. For this great society, historians use literary works to research and understand what the period was like. Aulularia is great play that can help historians investigate how slaves were, through Plautus’ humor you can catch how marriage and pro-creation is done and viewed in Ancient Athens. Titus Maccius Plautus, born sometime around 254 B. C. E. , (died in 185 B. C. E. in the village of Umbria was not always known as the famous comedic play-writer, but instead as the wandering miller. However, in his early age he is thought to have fled his hometown and made it as a carpenter/mechanic on the Roman stages (Plautus, Titus M, Aulularia). Plautus was in the great Roman army; there he was exposed to the Greek New Comedy and the plays of Menander (Plautus, Wikipedia). It wasn’t until around the age of 45 where he began writin g plays while working his hand-mill, grinding corn for the households (Plautus, Wikipedia). Plautus’ work was simply Latin adaptations of this genre of comedy. The people of Rome found everyday life very entertaining (Titus Maccius Plautus, Theatre Database). While writing these plays he had to keep in mind that most of the audience was very un-educated. However, one thing that all Romans had in common was home and family life. Jokes were made about family life and stereotyped personalities. While politics didn’t make there way into these plays, the gods did. It was somewhat controversial in the way his characters portrayed the gods. Characters in stories can almost always be compared to a god, which left him accused of teaching the public indifference and mockery towards the gods. It was interesting how upper class citizens belittled the gods and soldiers ridiculed them. All the while pimps, courtesans, and parasites praised the gods. Plays were never the only entertainment occurring at a given time, which forced Plautus to compete for people’s attention against chariot races, horse races, and boxing matches (Plautus, Wikipedia). He would go to great measures to entertain his audiences and demand their attention. We will write a custom essay sample on Comedy and Plautus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Comedy and Plautus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Comedy and Plautus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer New Greek Comedy had plenty of slaves in their works usually being quite clever while playing the antagonist. However, Plautus used the slaves in his work a little differently in which they had much larger and active roles. Slaves were moved much further into the front of the action as a main character. This was Plautus’ best tactic in creating humor because people found it funny that slaves tricked their masters or compared themselves to gods. The inversion of roles by a devious and witty slave was comical and it wasn’t difficult to create a plot from there (Plautus, Titus Maccius, Theatre Database). Aulularia is a comedic play that takes place in present Athens (in relation to Plautus. ) Euclio (main character) is a very poor, older gentleman that lives in Athens. Euclio’s Household God blessed him by causing Euclio to discover the treasure in his home. However, soon you realize this is hardly a blessing because he obsesses over it, keeping it safe and pretty much ostracizes himself from the rest of the community (Konstan). Megadorus a very wealthy, older gentleman decides that he would like to marry Phaedria, Euclio’s daughter. At first Euclio is very skeptical of Megadorus because there is no reason an older rich man of Athens like himself, would want to marry a very poor mans daughter. The paranoid Euclio strongly believes that Megadorus knows of his gold. In a way he forgets about this when Megadorus tells him there is no need for a dowry to go along with the wedding that would happen that same day. Excited by this Euclio accepts the offer but no longer trusts that his home will be safe for his gold. He moves the gold to the temple of Fides. Strobilus (Lyconides’ slave) overhears Euclio talking and begins looking for the gold. When Euclio returns he beats the slave and threatens him. Euclio has no trust in Fides and decides to move it completely out of the city to a grove of Silvanus. Strobilus is all the while out of sight but keeps an eye on Euclio and when the time was right he went and stole the gold. Euclio returns and nothing is there and is absolutely crushed. Shortly after this Lyconides approaches him and informs him that the engagement of Megadorus and Phaedria. From here Lyconides explains that he has wronged his daughter at Ceres’ festival and asks her hand in marriage. Lyconides then comes across Strobilus who comes out and tells his master that he has found gold. The rest of the script has been lost but it is said that Lyconides returns the stolen gold to Euclio, who then gives Lyconides permission to marry his daughter. As a wedding present Euclio gives the gold to Phaedria and Lyconides (Plautus). The sole reason why Plautus created this play was for entertainment and he failed in his businesses. He became a play writer at 45 and brought a new wave of entertainment to Rome. â€Å"At all costs, he kept the pot of action boiling, the stream of gags and puns and cheap slapstick flowing. Anything to make the audience laugh and keep them from peeking in on the boxing match next-door† (Titus Maccius Plautus, Imagi-nation. com). In Aulularia you can see that he doesn’t particularly think highly of the upper class. Megadorus is a much older man but wants to ask Euclio’s young daughter Phaedria’s hand in marriage. This is out of lust with no regard to the social conflict. Megadorus seems so desperate for the young â€Å"flesh† that he is breaking the old tradition of a dowry. Also in Aulularia, he exhibits slaves to be much smarter than any Roman man in this play. Euclio is the poor victim who only wants his gold to be safe but cannot find a proper hiding place without having a peaceful mind. Despite the viewers finding this very comical, this has something to do with the fact that Plautus was not always wealthy and it took him a long time before he was living comfortably (Plautus). Aulularia says a great deal about the time period in Athens. Euclio was a metic in Athens, he a has permanent residency in the States but is not considered a citizen (Kempf). Euclio was very poor and really had nothing of value except for his gold. He lived a very un-easy way of life because he was paranoid that his gold would be taken from him. He lived in constant struggle and great poverty. Pythodicus says from the play, â€Å"Why, I tell you he begins bawling to heaven and earth to witness that hes bankrupt, gone to everlasting smash, the moment a puff of smoke from his beggarly fire manages to get out of his house. Why, when he goes to bed he strings a bag over his jaws. † Pythodicus is being a bit dramatic, but nonetheless, Euclio has to just hope that he lives to see another day because it is a constant struggle to put food on the table. Aulularia was a piece of literature that can really say something about slavery during these times. Athenians felt that they were superior to slaves in every aspect of life, but it showed that they could be devious and witty. Every slave featured in this play (Staphyla, Pythoidcus, Strobilus) seems to have some a decent amount of intelligence. Euclio’s old slave Staphyla, responded to him when told to watch the house by saying, â€Å"You aren’t afraid anyone will walk away with the house are you? I vow we’ve got nothing else there for the thieves to take—a full of emptiness as it is, and cobwebs. This was very surprising coming from someone who was threatened just moments before (Plautus). Megadorus slave Pythodicus. As noted before he is explaining how poor Euclio is and jokes about it with the cooks for the wedding. He is also the person who is overlooking the cooks and making sure everything goes as planned. This could job can only be given to someone trusted and responsible enough to carry out the task at hand (Plautus). Strobilus outsmarts Euclio and knows that he has a pot of gold that he is hiding. When he sees Euclio leaves the temple of Fides he sees him leave the city walls and climbs a tree well out of sight. He waits until after Euclio has left and digs up the pot of gold for himself. Strobilus even abandons his lookout for his master Lyconides to fetch this gold with the high hopes of buying his freedom (Plautus). The way marriage is done in Athens during this time was much different than the way that Megadorus goes about it. The Athenian marriage was an agreement between the bride’s father and the groom and sometimes the father’s brother (Kempf). This was the case in Aulularia. However the bride is supposed to give up all of her toys, and her hair is to be cut. On the night before the wedding the bride and groom take ritual baths and sang hymns to Hymen. The father was to make sacrifices to Hera, Zeus, Artemis, Aphrodite, and Peitho (The Women of Athens). None of these rituals were even mentioned in the play by Plautus. In the play the marriage was taking place within only a few hours of agreement between Euclio and Megadorus. This part of the play was not a good way to study the way marriage was handled in Athens during this time period. However the ending (or what remains of the ending) gives a much better idea of how the process is done. Lyconides another poor man, asks Euclio if he can marry his daughter. It was much more realistic for people to get married within their same social classes (Hunt, etc. all 98). In addition to this more realistic marriage proposal, Euclio’s dowry is the gold. In Athens during this time it was necessary for the father of the daughter to provide a dowry to the future husband (Kempf). Plautus instilled a lusty old man in almost all of his work for entertainment and this was no different in Aulularia. The old Athenian Megadorus wanted to marry Phaedria out of pure lust, and the thought of having â€Å"young flesh. † Eunomia says to Megadorus in Aulularia â€Å"Something that will make for you everlasting welfare. You should have children—God grand you may—and I want you to marry. † â€Å"Oh-h-h, murder! † Megadorus responds. In no way did Megadorus want children or have anything to do with the matter. In Athens it was the job of every man and woman to pro-create (Kempf). This does not give you the indication that this is the case at all and again is a poor piece of literature to use as a source for Athenian life back during this time period. However, if they take into consideration that this play is a comedy and this was one of the ways Plautus provided entertainment they would realize it is a mockery. This shows that Athenians looked down upon this behavior and it was not the â€Å"status quo† in Athenian society. Aulularia is a great piece of work to analyze when it comes to slavery, marriage, and pro-creation. Plautus’ work will go down as one of the great Athenian comedies and serve as a fantastic piece of documentation on Athenian society during this time period.

Beatles memorabilia essays

Beatles memorabilia essays No rock n roll group had more influence on a generation and the world as did The Beatles. They single handedly changed the period known as the Sixties and their influence is still being felt today. Music, culture, lifestyles, hairstyles, clothing styles and attitudes all changed because of this remarkable band that emerged out of Liverpool England in the early 1960s. The Beatles were George Harrison, John Lennon, Ringo Starr and Paul McCartney as pictured above. The Beatles themselves were greatly influenced by the early rock n roll stars from America such as Elvis Presley, Fats Domino, Buddy Holly, Gene Vincent and others. During the bands infancy they spent a considerable amount of time listening and copying the styles of these great 1950s rock n roll heroes. Its fair to say that the music style adopted by the Beatles has in roots in 1950s American rock n roll. The Beatles dawned on the music scene in the very early 1960s and by 1963 had established themselves as the premiere rock n roll band in all of England. Frenzied crowds greeted the Beatles wherever they appeared throughout all of England. Beatlemania was born. The America music scene had all but ignored what was transpiring in England. But by January 1964, after the release of the Beatles second album in England, America could not longer resist the onslaught of these four loveable guys with mop-top haircuts. They stormed onto the American music scene in February 1964 with their historic performances in Washington DC, Carnegie Hall and Shea Stadium. Their music, coupled with their first class humor and personalities, firmly established them as the rock n roll kings for an entire generation. Their popularity, both yesterday and today, still remains unequaled by any other rock n roll artist. The memorabilia licensed by The Beatles is vast and seemingly...

Health Care Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Health Care Reform - Essay Example This type awareness is must for people in the society. Irrespective of their race, religion & class women were not seen as women in the society in the beginning of this century. The woman, often conceived and the childbirth have become dangerous. There was no birth control system in yester-years. The abortion was treated as an unlawful thing. They did not follow any contraceptive methods, as the same were not available or discovered. The system of divorce was so complexes and was not within the reach of the poor in yesteryears. The women were not encouraged to learn education. In the society, no compromise is possible in the case of abortion and further action should be taken only after reviewing legal and ethical issues. People who respect moral values more than anything consider legalization of abortions, as an equivalent to murder should not be tolerated, as they would become a disease to the society. Supporters of abortion argue that a world should respect the right to women’s privacy to take decision about her body. And they also argue that any government interference or public violence or any violation of a womans right to privacy and autonomy should be strictly condemned. The history of the women is the product of time of century old women. It is the growth of the women for the last 25 years, which focused on their memories, testimonies and pointing out women’s experience. Abortion is an issue to reasonable people who disagree vehemently the legalization process, which they consider to be a hindrance to the moral norms of the society. Most dramatically, a few pro-life supporters or rather extremists took the extreme step of killing the doctors who make abortions. Thus an argument goes to save one life can another life be taken, is this step supports the society’s moral values? Supporters of abortion look this situation a perfect launch pad to show the society that women too