Corporate Finance Essays - 7800 Words

Table of content Executive summary 1.Introduction 4 1.1. Overview of Adelaide Brighton Limited 4 1.1.1. History 4 1.1.2. Industry 4 1.2. Major competitors 5 1.2.1. Boral Limited 5 1.2.2. Fletcher Building Limited 5 1.2.3. Brickwork Limited 5 2.Capital structure 6 2.1. Leverage 6 2.1.1. Current ABC’s leverage 6 2.1.2. Recent history of ABC’s leverage 6 2.2. ABC’s capital expenditures and its financing 9 2.3. Comparison of ABC’s capital structure with similar companies 10 2.4. Characteristics of the company influencing the leverage policy 11 2.4.1. Tax advantage 11 2.4.2. Corporate tax rate 11†¦show more content†¦This report also uses some forecasting technique to evaluate the future position of the company. The discount rate (WACC), which incorporates the risk-free rate and risk factor for individual stock, is the key driver of share prices. The sensitivity analysis shows that the theoretical share price is very sensitive to change in WACC. Thus, slightly changes in WACC will lead to a significant impact on the current stock price. The factors that can take the place of WACC such as market return, the company’s beta, risk free rate, and tax rate should be used to observe the fluctuation of stock price which is WACC forecast. This may indicate that ABC value is currently overvalued since the valuation of the share is slightly lower than the actual share price. In addition, although the value of ABC might increase in the future, share price is changed by the movement of WACC. Therefore, it should not hold the shares in the company. 1. Introduction 1. Overview Adelaide Brighton Ltd is an Australia-based company which engaged in manufacture and distribution of cement, and cementations products, lime, ready mixed concrete, aggregates, sand and concrete products. It’s operate centre is on Birkenhead, a suburb of Adelaide, from where product is shipped to markets around the Australian coast and overseas. The company has strong developed from a smallShow MoreRelatedCorporate Finance Notes1881 Words   |  8 PagesStudy notes By Zhipeng Yan Corporate Finance Stephen A. Ross, Randolph W. Westerfield, Jeffrey Jaffe Chapter 1 Introduction to Corporate Finance ..................................................................... 2 Chapter 2 Accounting Statements and Cash Flow.............................................................. 3 Chapter 3 Financial Markets and NPV: First Principles of Finance................................... 6 Chapter 4 Net Present Value....................................Read MoreNotes for Corporate Finance2082 Words   |  9 PagesCorporate Finance Notes * Chapter One: Introduce to Corporate Finance 1. Three Questions: A. What Long-term asset should be invested? Capital Budgeting B. How to raise cash for capital expenditures? Capital Structure C. How to manage short-term cash flow? Net Working Capital 2. Capital Structure: Marketing Value of Firm = MV of Debt + MV of Equity 3. Finance perspect and Accountant perspect: Finance: Cash Flow ! Accountant: A/R means profit ! 4. Sole proprietorshipRead MoreCorporate Finance69408 Words   |  278 PagesCorporate finance P. Frantz, R. Payne, J. Favilukis FN3092, 2790092 2011 Undergraduate study in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences This subject guide is for a Level 3 course (also known as a ‘300 course’) offered as part of the University of London International Programmes in Economics, Management, Finance and the Social Sciences. This is equivalent to Level 6 within the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (FHEQ). For moreRead MoreCorporate Finance4881 Words   |  20 PagesTrends of Leverage 7 2.3 Comparison of capital structure with similar companies 9 2.4 Capital expenditures and its financing 10 2.5 Important factors influencing the use of debt financing 10 2.5.1 Tax Advantage 10 2.5.2 Corporate Tax Rate 11 2.5.3 Credit rating 11 2.5.4 Interest rate 11 2.5.5 Company’s Industry 12 2.5.6 Company’s growth rate 12 2.5.7 Some other arguments about Harvey Norman 12 2.6 Evidence of financial distress 13 Read MoreCorporate Finance1421 Words   |  6 Pagesoperating earnings of the firm. The capitalization is to be made at a rate appropriate to the risk class of the firm. Growth Plans, are involved in capital structural theories in which a certain amount will be allocated for the growth plans. A finance manager should draw a plan according for the dividend policy. For Example: The firm has $10 million as equity capital and $6 million as debt capital and the firm made a profit (after tax) of $2 million, and the fund allocated to the growth plan wasRead MoreCorporate Finance - Concept Questions12247 Words   |  49 Pagesquestions of corporate finance? a. Investment decision (capital budgeting): What long-term investment strategy should a firm adopt? b. Financing decision (capital structure): How much cash must be raised for the required investments? c. Short-term finance decision (working capital): How much short-term cash flow does company need to pay its bills. ( Describe capital structure. Capital structure is the mix of different securities used to finance a firms investmentsRead MoreFundamentals of Corporate Finance 9e82683 Words   |  331 Pageshttp://helpyoustudy.info Chapter 01 - Introduction to Corporate Finance Chapter 01 Introduction to Corporate Finance Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which one of the following terms is defined as the management of a firm s long-term investments? A. working capital management B. financial allocation C. agency cost analysis D. capital budgeting E. capital structure Refer to section 1.1 AACSB: N/A Difficulty: Basic Learning Objective: 1-1 Section: 1.1 Topic: Capital budgeting Read MoreCorporate Business Finance 7343 Words   |  30 PagesCorporate Business Finance Seminar 5 Project Finance Lauren Leigh Essaram 207507339 Ruvimbo Mukorera 206525531 27 September 2010 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the duly performed requirement of International Business Finance, School of Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal Abstract Non-recourse financing has grown in popularity, especially in developing countries. It has done so more specifically in the basic infrastructure, natural resources and also in the energyRead MoreAdvanced Corporate Finance4303 Words   |  18 PagesUniversity of Puget Sound School of Business and Leadership BUS 434 Advanced Corporate Finance Professor Alva Wright Butcher Tues-Thurs 11:00-12:20 McIntyre 107 Spring Semester 2012 Office: McIntyre 111 I Phone: 253-879-3349 FAX: 253-879-3156 Office Hours: T-Th: 1:00-1:50 Wed: 9:30-10:30 And by appointment Note that I am always willing to schedule additional office hours by appointment. I check email frequently, so that is also a goodRead MoreEssay Corporate Finance1613 Words   |  7 Pages Why is corporate finance important to all managers? Corporate finance is a specific area of finance dealing with the financial decisions corporations make and the tools as well as analyses used to make these decisions. The primary goal of corporate finance is to enhance corporate value, without taking excessive financial risks. A corporations managements primary responsibility is to maximize the shareholders wealth which translates to stock price maximization. Corporate finance provides

The Philosophical Community As The Father Of Existentialism

Soren Kierkegaard is known, almost universally, in the philosophical community as the Father of Existentialism. His works all seek to answer a fundamental question of existence, one that plagued humanity since the times of Aristotle and beyond; How should we life our lives? More specifically in his publication, Either/Or, Kierkegaard introduces two life philosophies, one of the aesthetic and one of the ethic. These viewpoints, argued and symbolized by two characters, â€Å"A†, and Judge Wilhelm. Kierkegaard uses these characters as vehicles for explaining the two viewpoints but does not actually take a side, instead leaving his true intentions ambiguous. A’s and Judge Wilhelm’s philosophies, on the surface, look fundamentally different, however, looking past what they are explicitly stating, a deeper realization emerges. That being A and Judge Wilhelm are actually two sides of the same coin. Bounded by, and implicitly frightened by what Kierkegaard calls boredom, or, in other works of his, as despair. Either/Or presents itself much like a debate, starting with A’s point of view and having the Judge retaliate after. A’s philosophy falls under what Kierkegaard calls the aesthete, someone who regards boredom as the root of all evil and avoids it like the plague. A’s solution to this boredom is Rotation Method. A states, â€Å"Just as a farmer rotates the crops to keep the soil fertile, so must a man forever change himself in order to remain interesting.† Under this philosophy A protestsShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Gregor and Samsa Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pagesthe meaning and purpose of existence, Franz Kafka is one to be noted and studied. A follower of the existentialism movement, he made it a point explore existential philosophy in his literary works. 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He symbolizes the end of the civilizationRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 PagesEssentialism vs. Existentialism Essentialism: A belief that things have a set of characteristics that make them what they are, amp; that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery amp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsible agent, determining their own development through acts of the will. Existentialism * isRead MoreThe Philosophical And Sociocultural Influences On Educational Theory And Practice958 Words   |  4 PagesThis history of education is robust in the number of philosophical and sociocultural influences on educational theory and practice. According to the Taking Sides text for ED833, â€Å"Historically, organized education has been initiated and instated to serve many purposes – spiritual salvation, political socialization, moral uplift, societal stability, social mobility, mental discipline, vocational efficiency, and social reform, among others.† The changes that take place in education are a directlyRead MorePhilosophical And Sociocultural Influences On Educational Theory And Practice954 Words   |  4 PagesThis history or education is robust in the number of philosophical and sociocultural influences on educational theory and practice. According to the Taking Sides text for ED833, â€Å"Historically, organized education has been initiated and i nstated to serve many purposes – spiritual salvation, political socialization, moral uplift, societal stability, social mobility, mental discipline, vocational efficiency, and social reform, among others.† The changes that result in education stem from the everRead More Is The Second Sex Beauvoirs Application of Sartrean Existentialism?3713 Words   |  15 PagesIs The Second Sex Beauvoirs Application of Sartrean Existentialism? ABSTRACT: Simone de Beauvoirs 1949 feminist masterpiece, The Second Sex, has traditionally been read as an application of Sartrean existentialism to the problem of women. Critics have claimed a Sartrean origin for Beauvoirs central theses: that under patriarchy woman is the Other, and that one is not born a woman, but becomes one. An analysis of Beauvoirs recently discovered 1927 diary, written while she was a philosophyRead MoreCritical Theory and the Leading Theorists in Education Theorists play an important role in society700 Words   |  3 PagesCritical Theory and the Leading Theorists in Education Theorists play an important role in society today. Members of the community look to these leaders of their field to help guide and make understanding of the situations we approach in life. There are many different views on the topics in society, especially education and how we learn. ________ The Critical Theory and leading theorist have influenced how we view education and driven to shape our understanding of how we learning in the worldRead MoreBranches of Philosophy8343 Words   |  34 Pageshow such truths could be known. Ethics is also associated with the idea of morality. Platos early dialogues include a search for definitions of virtue. †¢ Political philosophy is the study of government and the relationship of individuals and communities to the state. It includes questions about justice, the good, law, property, and the rights and obligations of the citizen. †¢ Aesthetics deals with beauty, art, enjoyment, sensory-emotional values, perception, and matters of taste and sentiment

Local Study About Social Networking Free Essays

string(106) " that these shows pander to the ill-witted and somehow manage to make the rest of us dumber for watching\." TOPIC: CORRELATIVE ASSESMENT OF REALITY TELEVISION AND SECONDARY STUDENTS VALUES FORMATION IN STO. NINO FORMATION AND SCIENCE SCHOOL DURING S/Y 2012-2013 CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND Introduction: The world today Is being controlled by the technology. With all the various types of new inventions and gadgets. We will write a custom essay sample on Local Study About Social Networking or any similar topic only for you Order Now People are slaves of all the product of the intelligence of mankind. People follow the trends of the world, whatever is new, people do follow. The influence of media Is a very big destruction to humankind. The invasion of new television programs are trending especially to the teenagers. Reality television began in 1948 with Allan Funt’s TV series Candid Camera. Reality Television is a television programming that presents purportedly unscripted melodramatic or humorous, situation, documents, actual events ,and usually features ordinary people instead of professional actors. Reality television represents the life of rich high class individuals who thrive off drama, materialistic items and fame. Girls are being very liberated and show off their interest on men, or they do the first step instead of the guy moving first. Reality television shows series as an entertainment purpose to all of it’s viewers, young or old. Producers want viewers to think and believe that these shows are not scripted. Most of the individuals are most of the times very selfish, childish and materialistic. When people watch reality television programs, they indicate to think that what they are seeing or what they are watching are true to life. And because of that, they believe that what they see on TV is what life really is. Viewers of reality television who are addicted to these daily programs often get deeply involved into any situation. Often, certain reality television shows are based on topics that have no thought process or concepts. The audience thus gets hooked on to television shows, which do not really have any intelligent concept. For example, these shows often highlights constant fights or disagreements between a group and even telecasts certain moment not suitable for viewing for a family audience. However, some shows may even show positive things, which viewers can learn and apply in their daily life. For example, a person cal learn about teamwork or be motivated in life to achieve their goals or even chase a dream. It Is a problem because reality television programs, are not exactly real life on camera. Rather, the shows are edited and scripted in being a melodramatic television show to make it more interesting and more exciting. The producers edit and script these to show to make It to have more conflict, more danger, more of negative things.. History has shown that when a mass of people can easily be controlled by a single person or a group of people that results to causing of grave harm. The influence of reality television characters, especially those who are teenagers, because they are influencing teenagers very effectively, especially with daring segments of the television programs. Especially, to think that this is a reality television show. Reality television is not really reality. Unluckily, many people think that It Is. These television shows draws hundreds, thousands, and even millions of viewers from all ages because It Is entertaining. It has been the focus of so much criticism because of doubtful honesty messages of some of the shows depict. Unrealistic expectations. The late novelist Kurt Vonnegut once described media in terms that may apply to reality shows. He explained how TV and movies have caused people to expect reality to be much more dramatic than it really is: â€Å"†¦ because we grew up surrounded by big dramatic story arcs in books and movies, we think our lives are supposed to be filled with huge ups and downs. So people pretend there is drama where there is none. † Nothing proves Vonnegut’s theory like America’s love for reality TV. Shows such as â€Å"The Real World† and â€Å"The Hills† are filled with over-dramatic fights and intrigue. But unlike books and movies before them, reality TV claims to be representative of real life. This helps people believe more than ever before that life should be full of dramatic ups and downs that don’t really exist. Enjoying misfortunes for others. Waite also expresses the fear that reality shows such as â€Å"Temptation Island† bring out viewers’ attraction to mortification. â€Å"Temptation Island† revolved around trying to get monogamous couples to be unfaithful. Waite says of heavy watchers of these sorts of shows, â€Å"They expect it’s OK to humiliate and to be humiliated by others, instead of thinking there’s something wrong with this behavior. † The worst human behavior. Psychologist George Gerbner and Larry Gross of the University of Pennsylvania developed the â€Å"cultivation theory,† which asserts that prolonged exposure to television can shape viewer’s concept of the world. Basically, the more television someone watches, the more he will believe the world is as it’s presented by the TV. I can see how this might apply to older generations who didn’t grow up in the Information Age. Take my grandpa, for example. He watches nothing but the news and he’s convinced the world is a violent and dangerous place. I’d probably think that, too, if all I watched were reports of thefts, shooting, and terrorism. I wonder if the â€Å"cultivation theory† applies to reality TV shows. If I did nothing but watch â€Å"Big Brother† all day, would I start to believe there were cameras scattered throughout my home and my family was conspiring to vote me out of the house? Voyeuristic Urges The idea that reality TV nourishes voyeuristic behavior sounds like a great argument. Who would want to raise a society of Peeping Toms? Thankfully, this criticism has no merit. Voyeurism is, by definition, â€Å"the practice of obtaining sexual gratification by looking at sexual objects or acts, especially secretively. † The key word here is secretively. All voyeuristic pleasure is removed if the person being watched knows she’s being watched. A threat to intelligence Reality TV critics claim that these shows pander to the ill-witted and somehow manage to make the rest of us dumber for watching. You read "Local Study About Social Networking" in category "Essay examples" I don’t think it’s possible to lose brain cells or cognitive functioning simply from tuning into a TV show. I think a far greater concern for critics is the sense of superiority viewers derive from watching reality TV. The truth is many people watch these shows to feel better about their own lives. What does that say about our society’s ability to promote a healthy self-image? Entertainment Critics of reality TV argue that television should be used to education, inform, and enlighten viewers. I agree television is an excellent medium for teaching, decimating information, and promoting the arts, but it is also a vehicle for entertainment. It’s a way to peer into another world for amusement and fun. Television offers viewers a needed break from the daily pressures of life; it’s a healthy occupation for the mind. These are just some of the reasons why we are really decided to study about this topic. It Is a stepping stone for us for all the teenagers out there, especially with the secondary students here in SNFSS. This Is to prevent bad things to happen. And open up there eyes in what they know and see about reality television programs. It Is not that when we enjoy, what we see or what we do, you think that It Is right. But It’s not, sometimes, It’s really easier and more fun to the bad or wrong things, especially Now a days. Technology Is getting better and better, and the media invades the world, It conquers peoples mind and beliefs. The goal that we wanted to achieve in studying this topic Is to open everyone’s eyes in what reality television programs Is all about. We carry on this analysis and research because we are craving to know what are the positive and negative effects of TV programs on the values formation of the secondary students In SNFSS during SY 2012-2013, and the possible effects and feedback of reality TV programs. Theoretical Framework Kohlberg’s theory of Moral development, Is a theory based upon research and interviews with groups of young children. A series of moral dilemmas were presented to these participants and they were also interviewed to determine the reasoning behind their judgments of each scenario. Kohlberg as not interested so much In the answer to the question of whether Heinz was wrong or right, but In the reasoning of for each participant’s decision. The responses were then classified into various stages of reasoning in his theory of moral development. Level 1- Stage 1 (Obedience and Punishment) The earliest stage of moral development Is especially common in young children, but adults are also capa ble of expressing this type of reasoning. At this stage, children see rules as fixed and absolute. Obeying the rules Is important because It Is a means to avoid punishment. Stage 2 (Individualism and Exchange) Children and adults account for individual points of view and judge actions based on how they serve argued that the best course of action was the choice that best-served Heinz’s needs. Reciprocity Is possible at this point in moral development but only If It serves one’s own. Level 2-Conventional Morality; Stage 3(Interpersonal Relationships) Often referred to as the â€Å"good boy- good girl† orientation, this stage of moral development Is focused on living up to social expectations and roles. There Is an emphasis on conformity, being â€Å"nice†, and consideration of how choices influence relationships. Stage 4(Maintaining Social Order) At this stage of moral development, people begin to consider society as a whole when making judgments. The focus Is on maintaining law and order by following the rules, doing one’s duty, and respecting authority. Level 3- Post Conventional Morality; Stage 5( Social contract and Individual Rights) At this stage, people began to account for the differing values, options and beliefs of other people. Roles of law are important for aintaining a society, but members of the society should agree upon these standards. Stage 6(Universal Principles) Kohlberg’s final level of moral reasoning Is based upon universal ethical principles and abstract reasoning. At this stage, people follow these internalized principles of justice, even If they conflict with law and rules. Conceptual Framework Input Throughput/Process Output Results of the survey form the secondary students. 1. Observation on the ongoing survey. Profile Variables: 1. Surveys about the given problems from Grade 7 to 4th year High school. . Comparisson of watching and not watching of reality television programs. Compare about the difference between the answers of the grade 7 and 3rd year, 2nd year and 4th year High school students. Surveys on 10 to 15 people Grade 7 and 3rd year HS 2nd year and 4th year HS Figure 2: Conceptual Framework of the study depicting the profile variables and the results of the survey from the secondary students The first box on our figure is the input. We have our profile variables, the first one Is having surveys about the given problems from Grade 7 to 4th year High school. And the second one Is the comparison of watching and not watching reality TV shows. These are the required or available data to be used in our surveys with the secondary students of SNFSS. The second box on our figure Is the throughput or the process. Our process would be like this. We will conduct a survey from 10 to 15 people of the grade 7 and 3rd year high school students and we will be observing and comparing It with the result of the survey of the students from the 2nd year and the 4th year High school. We will be comparing the differences between the 2 sets of batch of students. The third box on our figure Is the output and In It Is the results of the surveys. Hypothesis (Null Hypothesis) There Is no unnecessary effect of watching reality TV programs In the values formation of the secondary students of SNFSS during SY 2012-2013. Statement of the Problem 1. What Is the most commonly reality television show being watched by the secondary students of SNFSS (SY 2012-2013)? 2. How does It help you In your daily living in school or at home? 3. What are the advantages of watching different reality TV programs? 4. What are the disadvantages of watching different TV programs? Scope and Delimitation This study Is conducted and done to the secondary students of the Sto. Nino Formation and Science School during the school year 2012-2013 to know If there Is a unnecessary effect of watching reality TV programs In the values formation of the secondary students. Pinoy Big Brother Is one of the most famous reality TV show here In the Philippines, and next to It is the Survivor Philippines etc. Our main focus In our study Is to know the advantages and the disadvantages of reality TV programs In the Values formation of the secondary students here In SNFSS. How to cite Local Study About Social Networking, Essay examples

Terrorist Essay Example For Students

Terrorist Essay The Good, the Bad, the Terrorist?Terrorism by nature is difficult to define. Acts of terrorism conjure emotional responses in the victims as well as in the practitioners. No two writers agree on what is terrorism. Even the U.S. government cannot agree on one single definition. The old adage, One mans terrorist is another mans freedom fighter is still alive and well today (Terrorism Research Center: Definitions 1). Although many people believe that terrorism is evil, it is merely misunderstood because there is no set definition. Terrorist are responsible to most of the freedom movements in every country. Terrorist have used violence to get their point across to the public. These acts are often necessary for the success of the movement or cause. The use of this violence can be justified in several ways. You cant make an omelet without breaking some eggs has been used by terrorist to describe their actions. Terrorism has been used by governments and against them. It has been used as par t of a campaign by guerrillas who have widespread support and by small groups. Terrorism has been used in societies where grievances can be expressed freely and where free speech is suppressed. In a well organized guerrilla campaign, for example, the main goal might be to destroy the governments military forces. The violence is limited to acts which will achieve that objective. This might be destroying a factory which is making arms, or putting out of action part of the government army, or bombing an airfield so that it cannot be used by government aircraft. In some cases, the use of terrorism appears to be a reaction to the disintegration of law and order. A stable society has normally evolved peaceful ways of keeping order and handling disputes between its members without violence. Once law and order breaks down, as they do in civil wars, members of society have to defend themselves in different ways. There may be in a situation where government forces are using terrorism and guer rilla forces the same methods in return. Other groups in society start using violence to defend this right and so a climate of terror emerges. What little law and order remains is maintained solely by the strongest groups using fear (Freeman 43). Terrorism has been used by groups of the right in an attempt to uphold the established system. In Northern Ireland Protestant extremist groups have used terrorism against those fighting for a united Ireland. There have been similar groups in Italy and Latin America Fighting for the return to more authoritarian and conservative forms of government. There are many different kinds of terrorism, this makes defining the word difficult. Guerrilla warfare is used in most revolutions and is a form of terrorism, whether it is indiscriminate terrorism (example: the bombing of a public places) or terrorism aimed only upon the government. Terrorism can also be used by a government to control its people. War between countries is a place were terrorism is used immensely in order to strike fear into an enemy (The Encyclopedia America 523). Terrorism is often a weapon of last resort. Most revolutions began as guerrilla terrorism. The American Revolution started out as terrorist acts against England. The Boston Tea Party is a prime example of terrorism. Colonial revolutionaries sneaked aboard an English Tea Merchant Ships, where they threw hundreds if not thousands of dollars worth of tea into the Atlantic Ocean. Americans today think of that incident as a stride to freedom, but the English look at it as the beginning of countless terrorist acts. The Law and Order Maintenance Act of 1962 in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) included among its definitions of terrorist as anyone who went on strike if an essential service was put at risk as a result. These strikes led to the revolution of the Zimbabwe people from the Rhodesia (English) government (Freeman 21). In South Africa, the burning of the Identification cards and the bombing of several military bases by the A.N.C. (African National Congress) was the beginning of an independence movement against the Afrikaners. Terrorism is often the start of a revolution that makes the country and even the world a better place. The IRA (Irish Republican Army) would argue that they too are fighting a colonial government, the British government, which is continuing to occupy part of Ireland (Freeman 41). .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 , .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 .postImageUrl , .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 , .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438:hover , .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438:visited , .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438:active { border:0!important; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438:active , .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438 .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8e083c8b0e4b407a6748867847fa2438:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Road Not Taken EssayOne of the most important duties of any government is to maintain law and order. It usually does this through a system of laws which are enforced by a police force (Terrorism Research Center: Information Terrorism 3). In democratic countries, these laws are drawn up and approved by representatives of the people as a whole. These conditions are not common in the modern world. In all too many places basic human rights are suppressed. The laws are made by a minority, sometimes with no pretence of discussion at all. The most extreme form of government terrorism is what people might call a reign of terror. This phrase was first used in the French Revolut ion, during which the Revolutionary Tribunal sent increasing numbers of the people to their death (1793-1794). As panic and tension built up, terror was the order of the day. Any suspected enemy of the people (persons against the revolution) could be round up and often ended their life under the guillotine. Maximilien Robespierre, the leading figure of the Revolutionary Government, believed that terror could be used to create a new Republic of Virtue. The enemies of the people were sacrificed to protect others who might follow their example (Freeman 13). The government of the former Soviet Union used terrorism mainly through wide-ranging laws which enabled it to pick up opponents on charges such as spreading anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda and disseminating fabrications known to be false which defame the Soviet state and social system. The combination of vague laws with the possibility of detention without trial is one of the commonest forms of government terrorism. This form h elps keep the people from revolting during drastic times of government trouble such as war recovery and financial difficulties. Many anti-terrorists today believe that the governments of today and yesteryear have used terrorism during wars. These acts can be the bombing of a city, an assassination, even the threat of a new deadlier weapon. Between 1936 and 1939 Spain was revenged by a bitter civil war. The Republican government had been faced with a right-wing nationalist uprising, which had received support from the Fascist governments of Germany and Italy. Guernica a small town in the Basque region of Spain (Republican government territory), was saturation bombed by German planes. The center of the town was left in flames and perhaps a thousand civilians were killed. This marked a new phase in war the indiscriminate bombing of a civilian populous (Freeman 7). The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States were acts of terrorism. Admiral William D. Leahy, Chief of Staff to the President Truman, remarked: My own feeling was that in being the first to use it we had adopted the ethical standards co mmon to barbarians in the dark ages. I was not taught to make war in that fashion. The atomic bombs used by the American Armed Forces struck fear into every nation on every continent. The beginning of the Cold War was a direct cause of this terrorism (Freeman 8). Some people have argued that terrorism has a simple cause. It is a weapon of the poor against the rich, of the oppressed against the oppressor. It only occurs when there is a grievance that cannot be voiced in any other way. Looking back at the sort of situations in which terrorism has been used against governments, we can see that a simple defination is not enough. Also, there are so many cases of oppression and poverty where terrorism has not been used. Terrorism has been used by separatist movements, who wish to form an independent nation by breaking away from the current government. One of the best-known is ETA, a Basque nationalist movement which wishes to establish a separate Basque state in northern Spain and souther France. ETA has carried out a long campaign which has included the assassination of a Spanish Prime Minister, and the leaving of bombs in Spains tourist resorts. The gunmen who occupied the Iranian Embassy in London were also separatists. They wanted greater indep endence for the province of Khuzistan. In Holland in 1975 a group hijacked a train as part of a campaign for the greater independence movement of South Moluccan Islands in Indonesia. In Qu?bec in 1970 the Front de la Lib?ration de Qu?bec carried out kidnappings and a murder on behalf of independence for French-speaking Quebec. Separatist movements have been a common source of terrorist attacks. .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 , .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 .postImageUrl , .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 , .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49:hover , .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49:visited , .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49:active { border:0!important; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49:active , .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49 .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u03e15036d717191261bf9f5de9a2db49:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Progressive era EssayThe word terrorism has many definitions. Several of the meanings depict all terrorists as evil villains that love death. Others make terrorists out of almost everyone. The multitudes of meanings even makes the practitioners contemplate if they are terrorist or not. Terrorist have actually made the earth into a better place; terrorist acts have brought good changes to countries they have stopped thousands of unnecessary deaths, and have even stopped wars. The reign of the bomb wielding maniac is over they have been misunderstood from the beginning, the era of the misconceived over zealous radicals has begun. BibliographyWork CitedFreeman, Charles. Terrorism. London: Batsford Academic and Educational Limited, 1983. Thomas, Benjamin. Terrorism. The Encyclopedia America International Edition. Vol. 26. 1995 ed. The Terrorism Research Center: Definitions. {Online} Available http://terrorism.com/terrorism/def.html. The Terrorism Research Center: Information Terrorism. {Online} Available http://terrorism.com/terrorism/itpaper.html.